Gas motors? Not sure when they first started, but production aircraft had them before 1940. Much of the WW2 stuff was turbo'd. Gasoline, mostly carburetor motors.

Some had multi turbos. Some wastegates were manual, some automatic. Some had superchargers only (shaft driven), or a turbo or 2 or 5 on top of it. 

Lots of general aviation planes in the '50s,  60s & 70s had turbo models. Some were injected (mechanical, not electronic), many were carburetor also. 

Aircraft mainly used the turbo to maintain h.p at higher altitudes. A non-turbo piston engine is down to about 55% power above 12000'. Put a turbo on and you were usually good up to about 20-25K.

But....just like a turbo on a diesel engine, or adding one to a farm tractor....guess what the #1 nemsis was to turbo a/c engines? 

HEAT! Turbos would heat them up pretty good. It was always fun flying turbo'd twins at night because most had vents that let you see the headers all glowing cherry red!