So what is going on in that graphic? Did they run into a freak weather occurrence that caused both physical damage to the plane and also icing or what exactly? Why do larger commercial passenger jets seem to have no problems with icing while in the air?

That original graphic I posted last night is perhaps a little misleading as to "freak" weather, I can see how it sorta looks like they were aiming right toward it.   They were actually skirting a much larger (geographically) storm system.   There have been plenty of icing mishaps with larger commercial aircraft, although a majority of those in weather at much lower altitudes during takeoff or approach phases rather than cruise.