The basic system exists in many forms, but the cell signal portion would require a substantial investment. 

Wildlife departments use them to track Elk, Cougars, Bighorn Sheep, and other animals via the old fashion foot tracking until in range of the signal method. Research groups use them in range grazing studies that compile the signals every so often via a computer program that over lays them on an aerial map. Whale and shark migrations are tracked the same way via signals when they surface, but all the above are running on tax funded budgets that normally drawf most cattleman's. 

Coon, coyote, bird and hog dogs wear cheaper versions of the same basic systems so they can be found when lost on a chase, but in order for something to send a signal that can be tracked it needs a power supply. How often do you want to run them through the chute to change the battery?